D236 Pathophysiology (NYO1)

15. Which condition is caused by an autoimmune response to self or microbial antigens in those who are genetically susceptible?

• A. Scotoma
• B. Ischemic stroke
• C. Multiple sclerosis
• D. Astigmatism

17. How does type 2 diabetes compare to type 1 diabetes?

• A. Type 2 accounts for 90% to 95% of diabetes cases.
• B. Type 2 generally affects normal or underweight people.
• C. Type 2 has a low likelihood of insulin resistance at diagnosis.
• D. Type 2 has a peak onset age of 11 to 13 years of age.

18. The primary causes of a condition are intracapsular cataract extraction, severe myopia, vitreomacular traction, age-related lattice degeneration, and trauma. Which condition is this?

• A. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
• B. Scotoma
• C. Traumatic brain injury
• D. Hemorrhagic stroke

19. A 91-year-old patient has ascending paralysis, areflexia, respiratory insufficiency, and autonomic nervous system instability. Which condition does the patient likely have?

• A. Postconcussion syndrome
• B. Guillain-Barré syndrome
• C. Closed brain injury
• D. Glaucoma

20. Which type of hematoma commonly occurs in the frontal and temporal lobes, but may occur in the hemispheric deep white matter?

• A. Subdural hematoma
• B. Intracerebral hematoma
• C. Subarachnoid hematoma
• D. Epidural hematoma

21. What is the correct classification of myopia as a vision disorder?

• A. Alteration in refraction
• B. Alteration in visual acuity
• C. Alteration in accommodation
• D. Alteration in ocular movement

22. Which type of auditory dysfunction is thought to relate to emotional or psychological factors?

• A. Sensorineural hearing loss
• B. Conductive hearing loss
• C. Functional hearing loss
• D. Mixed hearing loss

23. Which condition is caused by the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial wall?

• A. Cardiac dysrhythmia
• B. Atherosclerosis
• C. Pernicious anemia
• D. Secondary hypertension

24. Which condition is caused by either episodic or continuous premature destruction of erythrocytes?

• A. Hemolytic anemia
• B. Anemia of chronic disease
• C. Iron-deficiency anemia
• D. Folate-deficiency anemia

25. A patient has muffled heart sounds, dull chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, cardiomegaly, pulsus paradoxus, and jugular venous distention. Which condition does the patient likely have?

• A. Acute pericarditis
• B. Atherosclerosis
• C. Stage I hypertension
• D. Pericardial effusion

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