C805 Pathophysiology (CCO1) Exam with Answers

25. The record of a 35-year-old woman contains the following information: Presentation: Sudden, transient motor and sensory disturbances, impaired vision, muscle weakness, and balance problems. Diagnostic work-up including neurological exam, CT, MRI, and CSF analysis. The patient’s diagnosis is a chronic, autoimmune, progressive, and irreversible disease characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath. Which condition does this patient have?

A. Alzheimer disease

B. Multiple sclerosis  ✓

C. Parkinson disease

D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

26. A 58-year-old male patient presents with involuntary muscle contractions, muscle weakness, atrophy, and twitching in the lower extremities. An electromyography is ordered, and a muscle biopsy is performed. The patient is subsequently prescribed an antiglutamate drug to treat the condition. Which diagnosis is described?

A. Parkinson disease

B. Multiple sclerosis

C. Restless legs syndrome

D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  ✓

27. A 30-year-old football player is seeing cobwebs and experiencing a sensation of a shade coming across the eye. A vitrectomy and cryopexy are performed. Which condition is described? (Numbered “24” in the pasted screenshot; placed here by sequence.)

A. Glaucoma

B. Retinal detachment  ✓

C. Macular degeneration

D. Cataract

28. A patient reports seeing floating spots and flashing of lights for the last few days. The patient experienced a head trauma three weeks ago. An ophthalmoscopic exam reveals damage to the choroid layer of the eye, and the physician recommends surgery for this vision disorder. Which disorder is described?

A. Glaucoma

B. Retinal detachment  ✓

C. Corneal abrasion

D. Cataract

30. A patient has an idiopathic condition with symptoms of tinnitus and vertigo that has no cure. An otolaryngologist orders an MRI to rule out brain involvement. A history and physical report indicates long-term use of tobacco and antihistamines. Which condition should be indicated on this patient’s chart?

A. Otosclerosis

B. Keratitis

C. Ménière disease  ✓

D. Otitis media

31. Which condition is a result of the local dilation of a blood vessel due to weakening of its walls?

A. Aneurysm  ✓

B. Embolus

C. Sclerosis

D. Thrombus

32. A 50-year-old patient with essential hypertension was involved in a car accident and presented with sudden, severe back and abdominal pain due to local dilation of the abdominal artery. Which condition does this describe? (Number not visible in screenshot; placed here by sequence.)

A. Aneurysm  ✓

B. Embolus

C. Thrombus

D. Phlebitis

33. Which condition occurs when a blood clot causes a section of heart muscle to become ischemic?

A. Atrial fibrillation

B. Heart dysrhythmia

C. Angina pectoris

D. Myocardial infarction  ✓

34. Which condition is caused by insufficient blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, potentially blocking one of the coronary arteries due to formation of a blood clot?

A. Congestive heart failure

B. Atherosclerosis

C. Myocardial infarction  ✓

D. Atrial fibrillation

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