D236 Pathophysiology (NYO1) latest version

1. What is the chromosomal abnormality associated with Turner syndrome?

• Monosomy
• Tetraploidy
• Trisomy
• Triploidy

2. Which condition is caused by an autoimmune response to self or microbial antigens in genetically susceptible individuals?

• Ischemic stroke
• Multiple sclerosis
• Astigmatism
• Scotoma

3. How does type 2 diabetes compare to type 1 diabetes?

• Type 2 has a low likelihood of insulin resistance at diagnosis.
• Type 2 generally affects normal or underweight people.
• Type 2 has a peak onset age of 11 to 13 years of age.
• Type 2 accounts for 90% to 95% of diabetes cases.

4. Which cardiovascular condition is characterized by a weakening of a vessel wall?

• Aneurysm
• Acute pericarditis
• Anemia
• Atherosclerosis

5. Which class of infectious microorganisms does poliomyelitis belong to?

• Viruses
• Helminths
• Bacteria
• Protozoa

6. Which respiratory condition is characterized by reduced oxygenation of arterial blood?

• Hypoxemia
• Cor pulmonale
• Chronic bronchitis
• Tuberculosis

7. Which condition is caused by a primary inability of the adrenals to produce and secrete adrenocortical hormones?

• Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
• Addison disease
• Type 2 diabetes
• Thyroid carcinoma

8. Which type of incontinence is associated with overdistention of the bladder?

• Overflow
• Urge
• Stress
• Functional

9. Which disorder involves an involuntary muscle spasm in response to attempted sexual penetration?

• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Vaginismus
• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhea

10. Which sexual disorder is the most common reportable STI in the United States?

• Gonorrhea
• Chlamydia
• Dyspareunia
• Pelvic inflammatory disease

11. A patient has a respiratory disorder caused by destruction of alveoli through breakdown of elastin within the septa. Which condition is this?

• Tuberculosis
• Idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension
• Emphysema
• Pulmonary embolism

12. Which complications are associated with gonorrhea?

• Ketoacidosis and vascular disease
• Hematuria and hydronephrosis
• Disseminated gonococcal infection and pelvic inflammatory disease
• Hypovolemic shock and heart failure

13. Which stage of syphilis is characterized as noninfectious disease?

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Latent

14. Which condition is caused by extracellular volume depletion, decreased renal blood flow, and injury to cells resulting in altered renal function?

• Secondary constipation
• Acute kidney injury
• Idiopathic duodenal ulcer
• Acute liver failure

15. A 51-year-old woman has chronic intermittent epigastric pain relieved rapidly by food ingestion. What is the likely condition?

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Dysphagia
• Duodenal ulcer
• Portal hypertension

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