WGU C182 IT FUNDAMENTALS EXAM

1. Which operating system is known for its open-source nature and is commonly used in servers?

   – Windows

   – macOS

   – Android

   – Linux

2. What is the primary difference between data and information?

   – Data are stored in databases, while information is stored in files

   – Data are always numerical, while information is textual

   – Data are subjective, while information is objective

   – Data are raw and unprocessed, while information is processed and meaningful

3. Which component of a database management system is responsible for defining the structure of the database?

   – Data analytics

   – Metadata files

   – User interface

   – Network protocol

4. What is the correct order in the data hierarchy from smallest to largest?

   – File, record, database, attribute, entity

   – Entity, database, attribute, file, record

   – Attribute, record, entity, file, database

   – Record, attribute, entity, database, file

5. Which network topology is characterized by each node being directly connected to every other node?

   – Star

   – WAN

   – Mesh

   – LAN

6. What is the primary function of platform as a service (PaaS)?

   – To offer virtualized computing resources

   – To provide an environment for deploying applications

   – To deliver virtual desktop environments

   – To provide software applications over the internet

7. Which network topology allows redundancy and multiple paths for data transmission?

   – LAN

   – Star

   – Mesh

   – Intranet

8. Which network topology should a startup choose for simplicity and cost-effectiveness?

   – WAN

   – VPN

   – Mesh

   – Star

9. In data hierarchy, which term describes a single piece of information about a student such as ID?

   – File

   – Record

   – Entity

   – Attribute

10. What role does metadata play in enhancing database efficiency?

   – It simplifies data interface design

   – It reduces data redundancy

   – It increases data storage capacity

   – It provides context and structure to data

11. Which part of the relational database model is responsible for storing data?

   – Hierarchical data structure

   – Data tables

   – Data index

   – Primary and foreign keys

12. What is the function of a router in a network?

   – To connect multiple devices within a local network

   – To direct data between different networks to provide internet access

   – To convert digital data into signals for internet access

   – To store data for backup and recovery

13. Which network hardware device connects multiple devices within a local network?

   – NIC

   – Switch

   – Modem

   – Router

14. Why are dedicated incident response teams important?

   – They increase employee engagement

   – They reduce recovery planning expenses

   – They mitigate the impact of network intrusions

   – They improve customer service

15. Which application of AI is beneficial for enhancing cybersecurity?

   – Supply chain management

   – Threat analysis

   – Automated support and chatbots

   – Resource optimization

16. What characterizes IT infrastructure in the modern corporation?

   – Operating independently of business strategy

   – Building on components that are static and infrequently updated

   – Integrating tools and services in a flexible, scalable, and secure manner

   – Providing basic technical support as a background function

17. What is an example of a ransomware attack?

   – A phishing attempt targeting employees for credentials

   – A cyberattack that disrupts operations until a sum is paid

   – A malware infection that results in corrupted files

   – A data breach exposing sensitive customer information

18. Which operating system is primarily used on Apple computers?

   – Linux

   – Windows

   – macOS

   – Android

19. Which network type covers a large geographical area?

   – LAN

   – MAN

   – WAN

   – PAN

20. What does NIC stand for?

   – Network Internet Card

   – Network Interface Card

   – Network Integration Component

   – Network Internal Connection

21. Which device converts digital signals to analog for internet access?

   – Router

   – Switch

   – Modem

   – Firewall

22. Which cloud service model delivers software over the internet?

   – IaaS

   – PaaS

   – SaaS

   – DaaS

23. Which database key uniquely identifies a record?

   – Foreign key

   – Composite key

   – Primary key

   – Candidate key

24. What does LAN stand for?

   – Large Area Network

   – Local Area Network

   – Logical Access Network

   – Linked Area Network

25. Which security principle ensures users have only necessary access?

   – Encryption

   – Least privilege

   – Authentication

   – Redundancy

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