WGU D236 Pathophysiology Exam

40. Which breathing pattern is characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing?

• Labored breathing
• Restricted breathing
• Eupnea
• Cheyne-Stokes respirations

41. Which complications should the physician indicate are possible with tension pneumothorax?

• Tachycardia, hypovolemic shock, renal failure, anoxia, and heart failure
• Electrolyte abnormalities, dysrhythmias, somnolence, and coma
• Severe systemic illness, vulnerability to sepsis, and death
• Severe hypoxemia, tracheal deviation, and hypotension

42. Which condition is associated with the following clinical manifestations?

• Down syndrome
• Retinoblastoma
• Turner syndrome
• Cri du chat syndrome

43. Which condition is caused by polyps, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, mucosal vascular ectasias, or hemorrhoids?

• Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
• Pyelonephritis
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Secondary biliary cirrhosis

44. Which condition is caused by metabolic, inflammatory, and macrovascular and microvascular complications related to chronic hyperglycemia?

• Pyelonephritis
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Diabetic nephropathy

45. A 61-year-old woman is presenting with dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, and weight loss. What is the likely condition?

• Diarrhea
• Bladder cancer
• Congestive splenomegaly
• Chronic pyelonephritis

46. Which complications are associated with acute cystitis?

• Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, apoptosis, and chronic kidney disease
• Ulcers, vascular engorgement, edema, ischemia, and hemorrhage
• Sloughing of the bladder mucosa with ulcer formation, necrosis of the bladder wall, and urosepsis
• Bone disease, intestinal adenocarcinoma, hypoalbuminemia, and anal fistulae

47. Which type of urinary tract infection involves one or both upper urinary tracts?

• Acute pyelonephritis
• Acute cystitis
• Interstitial cystitis
• Chronic pyelonephritis

48. The primary causes of a condition are defects in beta-cell mass and function along with peripheral tissue insulin resistance. Which condition is this?

• Type 2 diabetes
• Cushing syndrome
• Thyroid carcinoma
• Primary hyperthyroidism

49. A 66-year-old female presents with thin hair, exophthalmos, tachycardia, weight loss, diarrhea, warm skin, hyperreflexia, and pretibial myxedema. What is the likely condition?

• Hyperthyroidism
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Diabetes insipidus
• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

50. A 75-year-old male presents with Kussmaul respirations, ketonuria, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, acetone odor on breath, thirst, dehydration, and polyuria. Which condition is associated with these symptoms?

• Thyrotoxic crisis
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Cushing syndrome

51. Which complications should the physician indicate are possible with pelvic inflammatory disease?

• Bone disease, intestinal adenocarcinoma, hypoalbuminemia, and anal fistulae
• Seizures, weight gain, and neurologic damage from hyponatremia
• Persistent infertility, possible ectopic pregnancy, and uterine cancer
• Hematuria, bladder infection, urinary retention, hydronephrosis, and renal insufficiency

52. What is the most common disorder of thyroid function?

• Secondary hyperthyroidism
• Central hypothyroidism
• Primary hypothyroidism
• Primary hyperthyroidism

53. A person diagnosed with scleroderma notices skin thickening and tightening. Which complications are associated with this condition?

• Respiratory failure, renal failure, and cardiac dysrhythmias
• Renal stones and grotesque deformities of the hands and feet
• Hypovolemia, water loss, sepsis, and electrolyte imbalance
• Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and acute renal failure

54. Which stage of cervical cancer is characterized by cancer spreading to the bladder, rectum, or distant organs such as the lungs?

• Stage 1
• Stage 2
• Stage 3
• Stage 4

55. Which stage of syphilis is characterized by local invasion?

• Secondary
• Latent
• Tertiary
• Primary

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