Applied Probability and Statistics C955 (MQO1)

1. What is the mode of this dataset: 3, 5, 7, 7, 10?

• The mode is 3.

• The mode is 0.

• The mode is 7.

• The mode is 10.

2. There are 20 men in a room whose heights are reflected in inches as 68, 70, 73, 67, 71, 68, 76, 70, 73, 66, 68, 69, 71, 74, 73, 72, 65, 60, 70, and 78 inches respectively. What is the median of these data?

• 71

• 70

• 73

• 68

3. A researcher is comparing the cigarette consumption per person per year among three states by taking random samples of 1,000 individuals from each state. Which variable classification should be used to describe the state variable?

• Explanatory and continuous

• Response and categorical

• Response and continuous

• Explanatory and categorical

4. Ten teachers each had a jar of jelly beans. The jars had this number of jelly beans in each respective jar: 50, 60, 80, 80, 100, 100, 100, 120, 120, and 140. What is the mean of these data?

• 120

• 95

• 100

• 80

5. There are 12 cell phone charging cords available at a store for purchase. The length of each charging cord in inches is reflected as 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 10, 10, 11, and 12, respectively. What is the mean of these data?

• 9

• 8

• 6

• 7

6. A researcher has collected information on students from a school. The researcher wants to display the ethnic groups represented in the school. Which pair of graphs both display data in this manner?

• Line graph and bar graph

• Pie chart and box plot

• Bar graph and pie chart

• Bar graph and histogram

7. A study recorded the number of hours participants spent on exercise per week: 3 participants exercised for 1 hour, 6 participants exercised for 2 hours, 4 participants exercised for 3 hours, and 2 participants exercised for 4 hours. Which type of graph would best represent the frequency of exercise hours?

• A pie chart with slices representing the proportion of each exercise duration

• A scatterplot with points showing the relationship between exercise hours and fitness level

• A bar chart with bars showing the number of participants for each exercise duration

• A line graph with points connected to illustrate changes in exercise hours over time

8. A sociologist is investigating the relationship between educational level (high school, bachelors, masters, and doctorate) and annual income. How should this study be classified?

• Quantitative→quantitative

• Categorical→categorical

• Quantitative→categorical

• Categorical→quantitative

9. A biologist is studying the relationship between plant species (species A, species B, and species C) and the average height of the plants. How should this study be classified?

• Quantitative→categorical

• Categorical→categorical

• Quantitative→quantitative

• Categorical→quantitative

10. A marketing analyst is studying the relationship between customer age groups (teens, adults, and seniors) and their preferred shopping methods (online and in-store). Which numerical measure is most appropriate for this study?

• Correlation coefficient

• Conditional percentages

• Five-number summaries

• Mean difference

11. A university surveys faculty and students to determine support for a new campus recycling initiative. Which statement is true?

• Faculty members are much less likely than students to support the recycling initiative.

• Faculty members are much more likely than students to support the recycling initiative.

• Faculty members are slightly less likely than students to support the recycling initiative.

• Faculty members are slightly more likely than students to support the recycling initiative.

12. A city council surveys residents and business owners about a proposed new public transportation system. Which statement is true?

• A resident is slightly less likely than a business owner to favor the new transportation system.

• A resident is slightly more likely than a business owner to favor the new transportation system.

• A resident is much less likely than a business owner to favor the new transportation system.

• A resident is much more likely than a business owner to favor the new transportation system.

13. A hospital analyzes the recovery rates of patients undergoing two different treatments for a specific condition. Is Simpson’s paradox present in this study?

• No, because the study does not involve a confounding variable that affects recovery rates.

• Yes, because the overall recovery rates are inconsistent with the age group-specific rates.

• No, because the overall recovery rate is higher for Treatment Y.

• Yes, because the recovery rates differ between the two treatments.

14. A fitness center owner notices that gym attendance increases as the number of daylight hours increases. The owner calculates a correlation coefficient between daylight hours and gym attendance of r = 0.72. Based on this information, what can be concluded?

• There is a positive association between daylight hours and gym attendance.

• There is a negative, causal relationship between daylight hours and gym attendance.

• There is a positive, causal relationship between daylight hours and gym attendance.

• There is a negative association between daylight hours and gym attendance.

15. A team of scientists wants to understand the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Is this study observational or experimental?

• Observational, because the study involves a large sample size.

• Experimental, because the researchers are analyzing the data to find correlations.

• Experimental, because the researchers are testing the effects of smoking on lung cancer.

• Observational, because the researchers are collecting data without manipulating any variables.

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