Medical – Surgical Nursing Fundamentals of nursing Infectious Diseases and Dermatology Proctored Exam Questions and Answers

1. A client comes to the clinic and asks the nurse why they have so much acne. The nurse knows that acne is an inflammatory condition of the skin. Which of the following are potential causes of acne?
– Decreased keratinization
– Poor facial hygiene
– Increase in sebum production
– Eating a diet high in fat
Answer: Increase in sebum production

2. An anterior cruciate ligament tear (ACL) is a common sports injury. Damage to the ACL can increase the risk of developing which of the following diseases?
– Osteoarthritis
– Osteoporosis
– Rheumatoid arthritis
– Septic arthritis
Answer: Osteoarthritis

3. Herpes simplex virus is a contagious viral infection that can occur in the mouth or genital areas. What is the best way to describe this skin infection?
– A dry, itchy rash on flexor surfaces
– A raised red rash following the nerve root, not crossing midline
– A painful, vesicular rash preceded by tingling
– A white, silvery rash from head downward
Answer: A painful, vesicular rash that might be preceded by a tingling sensation

4. A client has a raised itchy rash documented as urticaria. This type of rash is often seen in which of the following?
– After viral infections
– Allergic responses
– Verrucae vulgaris
– Tinea corpora
Answer: Allergic responses

5. Bell’s Palsy can look like a stroke but has different pathophysiology. What is the main cause of the symptoms in Bell’s Palsy?
– Hypertension causing an aneurysm
– Low dopamine
– Paralysis of the facial nerve
– Atrial fibrillation causing a clot
Answer: Paralysis of the facial nerve

6. When a cerebral artery ruptures, a hemorrhagic stroke occurs. What is the most common cause?
– Atrial fibrillation
– Atherosclerosis
– Hypertension
– Embolism
Answer: Hypertension

7. A client is found having uncontrolled jerking movements and loss of consciousness for five minutes or more. What is the term for this?
– Diffuse axonal injury
– Status Epilepticus
– Epidural hematoma
– Autonomic dysreflexia
Answer: Status Epilepticus

8. A client has a spinal cord injury at T3 and is developing neurogenic shock. What vital-sign changes are expected?
– Tachycardia and hypotension
– Bradycardia and hypotension
– Bradycardia and hypertension
– Tachycardia and hypertension
Answer: Bradycardia and hypotension

9. A client has an epidural bleed and high ICP, developing Cushing’s triad. What vital-sign changes occur?
– Hypotension, low HR, high RR
– High temperature, increased pain response, high HR
– Low temperature, hypotension, high HR
– Low RR, low HR, hypertension
Answer: Low respiratory rate, low heart rate, hypertension 10. A client is paraplegic and develops autonomic dysreflexia after the nurse forgot to unclamp the urinary catheter. What vital-sign changes are expected?
– Hypertension and tachycardia
– Hypotension and bradycardia
– Hypertension and bradycardia
– Hypotension and tachycardia
Answer: Hypertension and brady

11. A client presents with a viral respiratory infection and is also found to have measles. What signs and symptoms would you expect?
– Reddened skin and dryness
– Maculopapular rash and fever
– Scaly rash and cough
– Irregular pigmentation and runny nose

Answer: Maculopapular rash and fever

12. What causes pupils to become fixed and dilated in clients about to herniate from increased intracranial pressure?
– Pressure on the brain stem
– Hypotension causing decreased blood flow
– Vasodilation causing increased blood flow
– Pressure on the third cranial nerve

Answer: Pressure on the third cranial nerve

13. A client trips and falls forward hitting her chin, tearing ligaments and causing spinal instability. What spinal cord injury occurred?
– Subluxation injury
– Flexion injury
– Hyperextension injury
– Compression injury

Answer: Hyperextension injury

14. Osteoporosis leads to weak bones. Which increase the risk? (Select all)
– Low blood calcium levels
– Low estrogen
– Red-meat consumption
– Vitamin D supplementation
– Alcohol use

Answer: Low blood calcium levels, Low estrogen, Alcohol use

15. Which statement is true regarding common skin conditions?
– Eczema develops in childhood and causes dry, itchy skin behind knees
– Rosacea results in dry, cracked skin from poor hydration
– Psoriasis is caused by viral respiratory infection
– Urticaria is autoimmune with silvery plaque lesions

Answer: Eczema develops in childhood and causes dry, itchy skin behind knees

16. Cellulitis is a bacterial infection. What layers are affected?
– Infection in bone and all layers
– Superficial infection only epidermis
– Infection in muscle and all layers
– Deep infection to subcutaneous tissue

Answer: Deep infection to subcutaneous tissue

17. Client presents with throbbing unilateral headache, nausea, sensitivity to light/sound. What headache is most likely?
– Sinus
– Migraine
– Tension
– Cluster

Answer: Migraine

18. Severe burns: Which complications occur? (Select all)
– Hypovolemia leading to kidney failure
– Increased metabolic demand
– Skin infections leading to sepsis
– Hypertension causing stroke
– Poor temperature regulation

Answer: Hypovolemia leading to kidney failure, Increased metabolic demand, Skin infections leading to sepsis, Poor temperature regulation

19. Which complication is most concerning with increased intracranial pressure?
– Meningocele formation
– Myoclonic seizures
– Uncal herniation
– Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer: Uncal herniation

20. Depression causes lack of energy and sleep disturbances. Causes? (Select all)
– Traumatic life events
– Genetics
– Lack of sunshine
– Increased Vitamin D levels
– Grief Answer: Traumatic life events,

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